خطاب حسبن الواد النقدي بين حداثة المنهج وقراءة التراث

Abstract

ﺘﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﻤﻼﻤﺢ ﻤوﻀوع ﺒﺤﺜﻨﺎ اﻝﻤوﺴوم ب" : ّ ﺨطﺎب ﺤﺴﻴن اﻝواد اﻝﻨ ّ ﺒﻴن ﺤداﺜﺔ اﻝﻤﻨﻬﺞ – ﻘدي ّ – وﻗارءة اﻝﺘارث ّ دارﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘد اﻝﻨ ﻘد" ّ وﺘﺘﻀ ّ ﺢ ﺤدودﻩ ﺒدارﺴﺔ وﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘطﺒﻴق اﻝﻨ ّ ﺎﻗد اﻝﺘ ّ وﻨﺴﻲ "ﺤﺴﻴن اﻝواد "ﻝﻤﻘوﻻت اﻝ ّ ﻨ ّ ظرﻴﺎت اﻝﻐرﺒﻴ ﺔ، واﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎر ّ إﺠارءاﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗارءة اﻷدب اﻝﻌرﺒﻲ اﻝﻘدﻴم . وﻗد ﻜﺎن ﺴﺒب اﺨﺘﻴﺎرﻨﺎ ﻝﻬذا اﻝﻤوﻀوع ﺘﺤﻘﻴق ﻤﻌرﻓﺔ ﺒﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﻤﺸروع ﺤﺴﻴن اﻝواد ﻓﻲ ﻗارءة ، اﻝﻤﺒﺜوث ﻓﻲ ﺒﺤوﺜﻪ وا ّارث اﻷدﺒﻲّاﻝﺘ ّ ، ﻝﺘ ّ ﻘدي وذﻝك ﺒﺘﺤدﻴد ّﻌرف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤوﻻت ﻤﺴﺎر ﺨطﺎﺒﻪ اﻝﻨ ﺔ واﻷﺴس ﺔ ّﺎت اﻝﻤﻌرﻓﻴّاﻝﺨﻠﻔﻴ ّ اﻝﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴ ﺘﻲ أﻗﺎم ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ دارﺴﺎﺘﻪ ّ اﻝ ّ اﻝﻨ ّ ﻘدﻴﺔ، ﺎت اﻝﻤطروﺤﺔ ّ وﺘﺘﺒﻊ اﻹﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴ ﻜﺸﻔﺎ ﻋن رؤﻴﺘﻪ اﻝ ﻨ ّ ّ ﻘدﻴ ّ ﺔ وﺘوﺠ ﻬﻪ طرق ﻷﻨﻤﺎط ّ ، ﻤﻊ اﻝﺘ اﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎ رﻩ ﻝ ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗارءة ّاﻝﻤﻨﻬﺠﻲ ّ ﻘدﻴّﻠﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ اﻝﻨ ا ّ ﻝﻨ ّ ﺼوص اﻝﺸ ّ ﻌرﻴﺔ واﻝ ﺔ ّ ردﻴّﺴ ّ اﻝﺘ ّ ارﺜﻴ ّ ﺔ اﻝﻌرﺒﻴ ﺔ. ّ وﺒﺎﻝﻨظر ﻝطﺒﻴﻌﺔ دارﺴﺎﺘ ﻪ وﺒﺤوﺜﻪ؛ ّ وﺒﺎﻝﺘرﻜﻴز ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤوﻻت ﻤﺴﺎر ّ اﻝﻨﻘد ﻝدﻴﻪ ّ ﺠﺎءت إﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴﺔ اﻝﺒﺤث ﻝﻺ ّ ﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋن ﺘﺴﺎؤل ﺠوﻫري ﻫو : ّ ﻜﻴف ﺘﺒﻠو ّ رت ﻤﺤﺎوﻝﺔ ﺤﺴﻴن اﻝواد ﻓﻲ ﻗارءة اﻝﺘ ّ ارث اﻝﻌرﺒﻲ اﻋﺘﻤﺎدا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘوﻻت ّ اﻝﻨ ّ ظرﻴ ّ ﺔ اﻷدﺒﻴ ّ ﺔ اﻝﻐرﺒﻴ ﺔ وﻤﻨﺎﻫﺠﻬﺎ ؟ ّ وﻫﻲ اﻹﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴ ّ ﺔ اﻝ ّ ﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺒ ّ ﺜق ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤن اﻝﺘﺴﺎؤﻻت أﺤﺎﻝﺘﻨﺎ إﻝﻰ اﺨﺘﻴﺎر ّ ﻨﻘد اﻝﻨﻘد ﻜﻤﻘﺎرﺒﺔ ّ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ّ ﺘﺘﻴﺢ اﻝﻘﻴﺎم ﺒﻌﻤـﻠﻴ ّ ﺔ رﺼد ﻤﻜو ّ ﻨﺎت اﻝﻤدوﻨﺔ ّ اﻝﻨ ّ ﻘدﻴ ّ ﻓﻬو ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒوﺼﻔﻬﺎ ، ﺔ وﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﺘﻬﺎ وﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻤﺎ ورد ﻓﻴﻬﺎ، وﺒﻴﺎن أﺒﻌﺎدﻫﺎ وأﻫداﻓﻬﺎ . ﻤﺎ ﺨﻠص إﻝﻴﻪ اﻝﺒﺤث ﻫو اﻝﻌ ّوﻤن أﻫم ّ ارث اﻷدﺒﻲ ﺎﻗد ّ اﻝﺘّأن ّ ﻤﺼﺎﺤﺒﺎ ﻝﺨطﺎب اﻝﻨّ ظلّرﺒﻲ ﺤﺴﻴن اﻝواد، ﻓ س ﻝ ّ ﻬو ﻴؤﺴ ﻤواﻗﻔﻪ ﺔ اﻝﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻤن ّ ﻘدﻴ ﺼﻠب اث ّاﻝﻤﺒﺜوﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎﻝﻪ اﻝﻨ ّ اﻝﺘر ّ ، اﻷدﺒﻲ ً أوﻻ ّﺜم ّ ﻤن ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ﺔ ّ ﻌرﻴ ل ّﺔ أو اﻝﺸّردﻴّﺎت اﺴﺘﻨطﺎق ﻤﻀﺎﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ اﻝﺴ ّ ﺒﺘوﺴ ﻤﺘوازن ﻝﻠﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ اﻝﺤدﻴﺜﺔ وأدوات ّ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ، ّ اﻝﻐرﺒﻲّﻘديّاﻹﺠارء اﻝﻨ ّ ﻜل ذﻝك ﻤن ارث اﻷ ّ ﺔ ﺤدﻴﺜﺔ ﻝﻠﺘ دﺒ ّأﺠل ﺘﺤﺼﻴل ﻗارءة ﻋرﺒﻴ ﻲ، وھي ّ اﻝﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ّ ﺘﻲ ﺘﻌد ﺔ ّاﻝ ّ ﻤن أﻜﺜر اﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل إﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴ وﺘﺄﺜﻴار ﻋﻠﻰ اﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼر ّ ﻘد اﻝﻌرﺒﻲ وﻋﻠﻰ ﺔ ّاﻝﻨ ّ ظرﻴّأﺒﻌﺎدﻩ اﻝﻨ .ﺔّﺔ واﻝﻤﻴﺘﺎﻨﻘدﻴّواﻝﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴ اﻝﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻝﻤﻔﺘﺎﺤﻴﺔ :اﻝﺘارث اﻷدﺒﻲ - ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺤدﻴﺜﺔ -رؤﻴﺔ ﻨﻘدﻴﺔ - ﺤﺴﻴن اﻝوا د -ﻨﻘد اﻝﻨﻘد The features of our research topic, titled: "Hussein Al-Wad's Critical Discourse – Between Methodological Modernity and Reading Heritage – A Study in Meta-Criticism," are manifested in the study and analysis of how the Tunisian critic, Hussein Al-Wad, applied Western theoretical propositions and utilized their methodologies in reading ancient Arabic literature. The reason for choosing this topic was to gain a detailed understanding of Hussein Al-Wad's project in reading literary heritage, as reflected in his research, and to explore the transformations in the path of his critical discourse. This involves identifying the epistemological backgrounds and methodological foundations upon which he based his critical studies, in addition to following the issues raised to uncover his critical vision and methodological orientation. Besides, it involves addressing the modes upon which he employed critical methodologies in reading heritage Arabic poetic and narrative texts. Given the nature of his studies and research, and by focusing on the transformations in his critical path, the research problem emerged to answer a fundamental question: How did Hussein Al-Wad's attempt to read Arab heritage evolve based on Western literary theory propositions and methodologies? This research problem led to several questions, guiding us to choose meta-criticism as a methodological approach that allows us to monitor the components of the critical corpus and track its details. This approach enables us to describe, analyze, and clarify its dimensions and objectives.

ﺔ م ّﻐﺔ اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴّﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻠّﻣﻠﺨ . 237 One of the most significant findings of the research is that Arabic literary heritage has consistently accompanied Hussein Al-Wad's critical discourse. He establishes his positions, as expressed in his complete critical works, primarily from the core of literary heritage. Then, through a balanced employment of modern methodologies and Western critical tools, he interprets its narrative or poetic contents. All of this is aimed at achieving a modern Arab reading of poetic heritage, an issue that remains one of the most problematic and influential on contemporary Arab criticism, particularly its theoretical, methodological, and meta-critical dimensions. Keywords : Literary Heritage; Modern Methodologies; Critical Vision; Hussein Al-Wad; Meta-Criticism.