الجوانب القانونية لمسؤولية مجلس الإدارة في شركة المساهمة

Abstract

حظى الشركة التقليدية بأهمية كبرى في بيئة الأعمال، حيث تعتمد على التنظيم الإداري وهيكلة المهام وتوزيع الأدوار بين العاملين. وتواجه هذه الشركات تحديات كبيرة في ظل ظهور الشركات الرقمية والتغيرات المتسارعة في البيئة الاقتصادية، مما يفرض عليها ضرورة الحفاظ على كفاءتها وتطوير مهارات موظفيها لمواكبة هذه التحولات وتفادي الركود. وإذ تشكل الموارد البشرية الركيزة الأساسية للإدارة، فإن نجاح المؤسسة يعتمد على تنظيم هذه الموارد وتوجيهها بشكل صحيح وتحديد المسؤوليات بدقة، بعيداً عن الغموض والتداخل في الصلاحيات، وهو ما يضمن تحقيق الأهداف الإستراتيجية للمؤسسة وتطوير أدائها الإداري والمالي. ومن هنا، يبرز دور الإدارة الحديثة في إعادة هندسة العمليات وتأهيل الكفاءات البشرية، وتوفير بيئة عمل مرنة تساعد على الابتكار والتحول التدريجي من النمط التقليدي إلى النمط الرقمي الأكثر مرونة واستجابة للمتغيرات.

Commercial companies are of great importance as they are an important economic pillar and an evaluation criterion for the strength and progress of the state. One of the most widespread financial companies is the joint-stock company, which is the ideal model for companies, because it is the type of company most capable of amassing capital from shareholders. The Algerian legislator has entrusted this task to a small number of companies. Persons are elected by shareholders to be the company’s board of directors. The law grants them broad powers to act in the name of the company. However, expanding the scope of its powers does not negate responsibility for them in the event that they violate the law or the company’s bylaws and erroneous actions issued by them while exercising their powers, benefiting from the incentive of the legal personality of the absence Their responsibility. If the responsibility of the board of directors is the balance of their actions, then the Algerian legislator took care of this board in terms of its legal organization and the accountability of its members, collectively or individually, before the company, third parties, and shareholders for actions that require responsibility, to enhance trust and confidence with regard to the various legal relationships that arise in the commercial company. The legal basis for the responsibility of the Board of Directors is the law and not the company contract, as we will notice that Algerian law has defined these responsibilities with peremptory texts. Since the general rules of civil law can no longer contain the reasons for civil prosecution, nor does the criminal law include all the crimes that those in charge of the administration have begun to commit, rather the legislator stipulated special rules, in an attempt to contain that responsibility. In order to hold the Board of Directors accountable in a joint-stock company, it must meet the necessary conditions to gain the status of representing the company, and thus the general provisions of liability are applied to it, along with some special provisions contained in the Commercial Code.